نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی انقلاب اسلامی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 15، پاییز 1402)

The type of cognition of a school of society and history and its understanding of these two, plays a determining role in its ideology. For this reason, one of the most important topics that Ayatollah Mutahhari paid special attention to, in the final years of his life, is the issue of society and history. He believed that the human tendency to social life is originated from his/her nature (Fitrah). According to him, society has a real identity and benefits from special combination; i.e., while having a unique existence and personality and nature, its components (members) have preserved their relative independence. Ayatollah Mutahhari based on his theory of Fitrah explains individual’s freedom and authority in the society. This issue plays an effective role in explaining the desirable governance, and understanding Intrinsic and non-intrinsic duties of the government. In fact, this research demonstrates that the existence of a unique personality and nature for society has important consequences. Therefore, in this article, Ayatollah Mutahhari’s theory on this matter and its consequences has been studied.

A serious question has always been raised that what are the currents of thought regarding the category of Mahdism and expectation? Especially in the last half century, when a more accurate understanding and attitude has been created with the development of the Islamic revolution in Iran, therefore, we tried in this article with the descriptive-analytical research method, the three main intellectual currents of modernists and traditionalists, and Muslim civilizationists. , let's analyze these three schools of thought, the results obtained by combining the data and summarizing can be presented in such a way that the majority of modernists have a secularist view of the religious space, so some people in this school either do not believe in Mahdism at all, or The minimalist view, and the mainstream of relativists look at the appearance of humanity, and interpret Mahdism with a minimal view and sometimes as a negative expectation of corruption, but the intellectual approach of the civilizationists, who with careful effort to Islam and according to the social and political rules Islam provides a more precise definition of Mahdism.

The present article seeks to answer the question of how social justice policies were implemented in the first year of the Sixth Development Plan. The importance of this issue is due to the short time of observation and monitoring results and the generalization of monitoring results to improve performance in subsequent years. The data of this research have been collected through documentary and library method using official reports of the Planning and Budget Organization and analyzed by interpretive method. The main impediments to the realization of justice policies have been identified after monitoring the implementation of the Sixth Plan. The results show that weaknesses in the prediction of financial and non-financial resources, slow adoption of regulations, dependence on oil revenues, and weak management factors are some of the major obstacles to implementing the Sixth Development Plan.

Various works have been published on Iran's foreign policy; however, no research has been published on the martyr Beheshti's views on Iran's foreign policy. Meanwhile, the role of the martyr Beheshti in drafting the constitution and foreign policy of Iran is undeniable. So, the main question of the article is what was the martyr Beheshti's view on the future orientation of Iran's foreign policy and which orientation did he think is best? The main research hypothesis emphasizes the nonalignment. To answer the question and to test the hypothesis, the martyr Beheshti's views were adapted and applied to the three orientations of isolationism, nonalignment, and alliance mentioned by Holsti on foreign policy. Also, we surveyed neutrality as a fourth orientation in the foreign policy of states. The method used in this paper was a mixture of quantitative analysis (frequency counting of indicators related to the four orientations of foreign policy) and qualitative analysis (interpretation of findings and comparison). The research findings showed that the two orientations of isolationism and neutrality have no place in the martyr Beheshti's thoughts. Among the other two orientations, nonalignment gains the first place with 73% frequency and the alliance the second place with 27%. The important point is that martyr Beheshti has prescribed alliance not with the great powers, but for Iran's relations with Muslim countries and the Third World.

But according to the exercise of legislative authority by the Islamic Council, in most cases in recent years and the current situation of Iran with challenges such as; The non-transparency of the delegation of legislative authority, the multiplicity of legislative and decision-making institutions, the lack of determination of the hierarchy of legal norms, the impossibility of the Parliament's supervision over the laws approved by the Supreme Councils, etc., have been faced. The main research question is that; What are the solutions to solve the challenges of applying the jurisdiction of the Islamic Council in the framework of political relations between the parliament and the government and other decision-making institutions? The main hypothesis of the research is that; In the face of the government and other decision-making institutions or in cases where it has the authority to delegate according to the constitution, the Islamic Council must act in order to interact in order to approve appropriate and non-conflicting laws and in order to prevent the inflation of laws. While examining the challenges in the exercise of the legislative authority of the Islamic Council, this article deals with the existence of several ambiguities in the ways out of the challenges of the exercise of the legislative authority of the Parliament, and by clarifying the dimensions of the challenges and their examples in order to get out of the legislative limitations of the Parliament and transparency. The hierarchy of legal norms provides appropriate solutions.

Political education is one of the concepts that has been the concern of political thinkers for a long time. In today's world, the importance of political education is of special importance due to the fact that it is considered a part of the development process. In the present article, this question has been examined - what are the mechanisms of political education in the education system of the Islamic Republic of Iran and what effect does it have on conscious political activism? This article is descriptive and analytical, and the mentioned question has been investigated using the library method. The results indicate that one of the most important institutions in charge of education in the constitution is the Ministry of Education, which is responsible for a significant part of the political education process. But it seems that due to reasons such as the ineffectiveness of departments in the upper-level documents of the Ministry of Education, the ineffectiveness of departments in the Ministry of Education and Culture, the slogan-like support of the macro-management system, and the ineffectiveness of departments in political training schools in Iran's education system, it has not led to conscious political activism. According to the integral theoretical framework, non-rejection, acceptance of political pluralism and creation of intersubjective space and recognition of others are the most important mechanisms and requirements of political education leading to conscious action.

Religious democracy is a political theory based on the two principles of God and people, but at the same time it is not theocracy or democracy. Rulers in a theocracy are considered to be appointed by God, enforce His law, and answerable only to Him, while in a democracy they rule according to the will of the majority of the people. The main research question is, what is the position of God and people in the religious democratic system based on the principles of the constitution? In response, data and documents are collected and analyzed with a descriptive-analytical approach and library tools. According to the results of this research, based on the principles of the constitution, religious democracy is based on both the foundation of God and the people, the political will of the people is defined during the absolute sovereignty of God, and the laws of God, chosen by the majority of the people, form the framework of the political system, and in that people They are in control of their destiny on behalf of God, and those in charge are accountable both to the people and to God.

It is very important to deal with the issue of opposition as one of the capacities that play an important role in reforming and controlling the laws and government performance. By using the existing platforms in the political system, the opposition can take on the task of monitoring the implementation of laws and raise the existence of defects and inefficiencies and try to improve and reform various parts of governance. Regarding the opposition of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it should be said that this opposition is a political movement that was formed during the years after the Islamic Revolution. The opposition of the Islamic Republic of Iran includes domestic and foreign opponents. The main goal of the current research was to analyze the foreign opposition of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the personal interest approach of Johan Grafland using the analytical method. The results of the research showed that the foreign opposition has tried to make political and military changes in Iran through foreign supporters, the media, and active groups, and to achieve this goal, the priority of the personal interest and utilitarianism of each of the opposition has come to the fore, and the interest of the general public, In the sense that social benefits have not been pursued.

The Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, as two important players in the geopolitical region of the Persian Gulf, have capacities for regional action with an impact on global equations, which is why the two countries need to review their relations and show the necessary seriousness to benefit from the transition conditions. to provide for their national goals. Since geopolitical factors can be considered a basis for competition or confrontation, this research was chosen with the aim of determining the factors of divergence between the two countries. Descriptive research method is an applied analysis. In order to carry out the research, by conducting theoretical geopolitical studies of the countries of Saudi Arabia and Iran, questionnaires were prepared in two stages and presented to the statistical population of 36 people (in full) and after receiving opinions, data processing was done. In the statistical analysis of frequency distribution tables, one-sample Student's t-test and mean test were used, and based on this, 20 factors were used to answer the research question based on the theories of balance of power and conflict and based on macro political, economic, technological, natural and military geopolitical factors. Two countries in the Persian Gulf area in the form of research literature, which finally after analyzing the collected data in order of priority, political macro factor with seven sub-factors, military with four natural sub-factors with three sub-factors, technological with two sub-factors and economic with five The sub-factor was identified as one of the most important factors causing

In the upcoming research, using the descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, historical documents, newspapers, it seeks to answer the question that the performance of the National Assembly (14th) from the beginning of its formation to its dissolution based on the role What was the performance of Soviet, British and factions?
The findings of the research indicate that the intervention of the Soviet Embassy in Tehran in the matter of elections was mainly for the purpose of choosing fifty-five representatives from five provinces of the country from among the communists and the henchmen of the Soviet government and enter the parliament. And the whole effort of the British government was to prevent the election of people who are partners with their enemies and cooperate with them. Also, the factions created at the beginning of the work of the 14th Parliament were also formed due to personal interests, and for this reason, the number of people in them increased or decreased. However, these factions did not have unity of opinion among their representatives and their positions were not clearly defined. As a result, there were difficult conflicts between the members of the parliament and between the governments and the parliament.

Desirable governance under the discourse of modern Islamic civilization, which was one of the most fundamental and meaningful concepts that was formed in the context of the Islamic Revolution and then became a dominant discourse. The concept and development of the ideal governance requires the theorization of the components of government, its acquisition and issuance as a conceptual model that requires the explanation of the ideal governance according to the capacities of religious teachings. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this research addressed the question of what characteristics and components the ideal government has at the level of the Islamic revolution. In response to this hypothesis, the desired governance was proposed in line with the Islamic revolution based on Islamic teachings, which are elaborated in accordance with the capacities of today's humanity, with a twin view of the world and the hereafter, accountability, transparency, accountability, legality and the protection of citizen's rights. Drawing and regulating the relationships of human social life. Findings show. First, the indicators of good governance have a positive and significant relationship with the legitimacy of governments in different dimensions, especially the level of satisfaction of citizens. Secondly, the characteristics of good governance can be seen not only in religious teachings, but the grounds and tools for its realization during the four decades of the revolution are provided in accordance with the requirements of the society in legislation, justice and implementation. .